In June 2025, annual inflation in the US reached 2.7%, up from 2.4% in May, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This level remains well below the peak of 9.1% observed in 2022, but is still above the Federal Reserve’s 2% target.
For households, and even more so for retirees or future retirees, this return of persistent inflation is a reminder of an often overlooked reality: Even moderate price rises can erode purchasing power and jeopardize years of retirement planning.
Why inflation threatens your retirement
Inflation is the general rise in the price of goods and services. For those preparing for retirement or already living off their savings, it acts like an invisible tax.
Over time, the same amount of money buys less. So, at a rate of 3% per year, a basket of goods costing $100 today will cost $134 in 10 years’ time. If your income doesn’t keep up, your quality of life deteriorates.
Social Security beneficiaries have a certain safety net thanks to the annual Cost Of Living Adjustment (COLA).
But withdrawals from an Individual Retirement Account (IRA), whether Traditional or Roth, are not automatically indexed to inflation. A fixed withdrawal in constant dollars, therefore, loses its real value over the years.
Effects on savers according to their profile
Future retirees (aged 55-61) can sometimes benefit from moderate inflation. Their salaries eventually catch up with price rises, while the real cost of a fixed-rate mortgage decreases.
Retirees, on the other hand, bear the full brunt of erosion. Their non-social security income (private pensions, IRA withdrawals, annuities) is rarely indexed, and their scope for reinvestment is limited.
Wealth also plays a role. Wealthier households, more invested in Equities or Real Estate, have assets that are likely to grow with inflation.
Modest households, on the other hand, are often more dependent on Social Security, which partially protects them but leaves them exposed to increases in healthcare or housing costs, areas where inflation often exceeds the average.
Strategies to protect your IRA against inflation
Effective retirement planning must take into account the possibility of several inflationary cycles over several decades. Here are a few levers:
Diversify intelligently
Include in your IRA Stocks of companies capable of increasing their prices and dividends, Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) and real assets such as Real Estate or Commodities.
Keeping your IRA entirely in cash could be a mistake, as inflation will steadily erode its purchasing power over time.
Adopt a dynamic withdrawal strategy
Avoid fixed withdrawals. It’s better to adjust the amount each year in line with inflation, your portfolio’s performance and your life expectancy.
Optimize your choice between a Traditional IRA and a Roth IRA
In times of high inflation, the Roth IRA can be interesting. Paying taxes now rather than later can protect you if your tax bracket increases.
Partial conversions from a Traditional IRA are also worth considering.
Defer Social Security
Each year of deferral until age 70 increases your benefits, and therefore the amount indexed for life via COLAs.
Anticipate health expenses
Medical inflation is often higher than overall inflation, so building up a reserve or using a Health Savings Account (HSA) can limit the impact.
Don’t panic
Recent history shows that those who maintain their contributions and stay invested, even in periods of volatility, recover faster and benefit from growth phases.
Giving in to the temptation to exit the market altogether in order to “get out of the way” often results in a lasting loss of earnings.
Plan early, adjust often
Inflation is a long-term structural risk. It spares neither the young working people who feed their IRAs, nor the retirees who live off them.
The key is realistic retirement planning: Diversification, regular adjustments, appropriate tax choices and optimization of Social Security.
While inflation cannot be eliminated, its bite can be contained with a solid, disciplined strategy.
IRAs FAQs
An IRA (Individual Retirement Account) allows you to make tax-deferred investments to save money and provide financial security when you retire. There are different types of IRAs, the most common being a traditional one – in which contributions may be tax-deductible – and a Roth IRA, a personal savings plan where contributions are not tax deductible but earnings and withdrawals may be tax-free. When you add money to your IRA, this can be invested in a wide range of financial products, usually a portfolio based on bonds, stocks and mutual funds.
Yes. For conventional IRAs, one can get exposure to Gold by investing in Gold-focused securities, such as ETFs. In the case of a self-directed IRA (SDIRA), which offers the possibility of investing in alternative assets, Gold and precious metals are available. In such cases, the investment is based on holding physical Gold (or any other precious metals like Silver, Platinum or Palladium). When investing in a Gold IRA, you don’t keep the physical metal, but a custodian entity does.
They are different products, both designed to help individuals save for retirement. The 401(k) is sponsored by employers and is built by deducting contributions directly from the paycheck, which are usually matched by the employer. Decisions on investment are very limited. An IRA, meanwhile, is a plan that an individual opens with a financial institution and offers more investment options. Both systems are quite similar in terms of taxation as contributions are either made pre-tax or are tax-deductible. You don’t have to choose one or the other: even if you have a 401(k) plan, you may be able to put extra money aside in an IRA
The US Internal Revenue Service (IRS) doesn’t specifically give any requirements regarding minimum contributions to start and deposit in an IRA (it does, however, for conversions and withdrawals). Still, some brokers may require a minimum amount depending on the funds you would like to invest in. On the other hand, the IRS establishes a maximum amount that an individual can contribute to their IRA each year.
Investment volatility is an inherent risk to any portfolio, including an IRA. The more traditional IRAs – based on a portfolio made of stocks, bonds, or mutual funds – is subject to market fluctuations and can lead to potential losses over time. Having said that, IRAs are long-term investments (even over decades), and markets tend to rise beyond short-term corrections. Still, every investor should consider their risk tolerance and choose a portfolio that suits it. Stocks tend to be more volatile than bonds, and assets available in certain self-directed IRAs, such as precious metals or cryptocurrencies, can face extremely high volatility. Diversifying your IRA investments across asset classes, sectors and geographic regions is one way to protect it against market fluctuations that could threaten its health.