India’s economic narrative has long been centred on agriculture. With nearly 60 percent of the rural population dependent on agriculture and allied sectors, the growth of farmers’ incomes is not just a development statistic-it is a critical enabler of inclusive national progress. In the last 11 years, the agricultural sector has undergone a visible and structural transformation, moving from a focus on basic food security to embracing food self-sufficiency, agri-exports, climate resilience, and tech-driven practices. This shift, under the “Beej Se Bazaar Tak” (Seed to Market) philosophy, is redefining the identity of India’s farmers-from passive producers to active agri-preneurs.
The increase in the agriculture budget-from Rs 27,663 crore in 2013-14 to Rs 1.37 lakh crore in 2024-25-is not just a matter of numbers but of intent. It shows a clear political and policy will to elevate agriculture as a priority sector. This five-fold hike has financed a mosaic of schemes targeting every phase of agricultural activity: seed quality, irrigation, crop insurance, market access, digital agriculture, and value addition. As a result, food foodgrain production rose from 265 million tonnes in 2014-15 to an estimated 347 million tonnes in 2024-25. Procurement levels of both foodgrains and pulses have improved, helping stabilise incomes for millions of farmers. The PM-KISAN scheme has played a pivotal role in delivering financial security. With Rs 3.7 lakh crore disbursed directly into the accounts of over 11 crore farmers, this initiative ensures a minimum safety net, especially for small and marginal farmers. Similarly, the massive expansion of the Kisan Credit Card scheme, with Rs 10 lakh crore extended to nearly 8 crore farmers, has enhanced access to affordable credit and reduced reliance on informal lenders.
Yet, perhaps the most profound change has come not just from Government aid but from the shift in mindset. Recognising that Indian agriculture can no longer remain stagnant or traditional, the present regime has introduced policy and infrastructural frameworks to enable diversification and resilience. The renewed promotion of millets-nutrient-rich, low-water crops-is a prime example of sustainable innovation. Not only do they require fewer inputs, but they also allow for multi-cropping, helping farmers increase returns from the same piece of land. Beyond crops, allied sectors like dairy, poultry, and fisheries have received renewed attention. These sectors offer significant employment potential and regular cash flow-both of which are vital for enhancing rural livelihoods. By integrating these sectors into the broader agri-economy, the Government has effectively widened the income basket for farmers.
Another dimension of agricultural transformation is the promotion of agri-entrepreneurship. The Government is actively encouraging rural youth to take up agro-based businesses-be it farm equipment rentals, food processing, or marketing services. This decentralised business ecosystem is crucial for reducing post-harvest losses, creating jobs, and ensuring that more of the consumer rupee reaches the farmer. Digital tools and artificial intelligence have further empowered farmers to make data-driven decisions. Whether predicting the best sowing windows, monitoring soil health, or accessing real-time mandi prices, farmers today are better informed than ever before. AI-powered crop advisory platforms, weather forecasting apps, and digital marketplaces are ensuring that even remote farmers are connected to national and global value chains.
All these outcomes point to a well-planned and phased implementation of agricultural reform. It is evident that the Government did not rely on piecemeal policies but adopted a systemic approach-targeting productivity, profitability, and sustainability in equal measure. And the results speak for themselves: improved MSPs, higher production, record procurement, and increased rural participation in value-added activities.
But while progress is visible, challenges remain. Land fragmentation, groundwater depletion, climate unpredictability, and market volatility continue to threaten long-term farmer prosperity. Therefore, the focus on increasing agricultural income must remain non-negotiable on the Government’s priority list. An empowered farmer is the most potent symbol of a self-reliant India. With a strong foundation already in place, the road ahead must now focus on scaling innovations, enhancing climate-smart farming, and making rural India not just the food bowl but the growth engine of the nation.